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    AWS announces EC2 M6i using Ice Lake Xeon Scalable processors

    Image: Intel
    Amazon Web Services has announced the availability of M6i instances that make use of Intel’s Ice Lake Xeon Scalable processors, and its Total Memory Encryption functionality.The performance bump over M5 instances is said to be an up-to-15% improvement for compute, and twice the networking speed of M5, Amazon said. AWS has created a new instance size, m6i.32xlarge, that consists of 128 vCPUs and 512 GiB of memory, which is a 33% increase on the largest M5 instance, and has 20% higher memory bandwidth per vCPU thanks to Elastic Fabric Adapter. Otherwise, M6i instances are available with 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 48, 64, or 96 vCPUs. m6i.32xlarge is touted as having 50Gbps of networking speed and 40Gbps of bandwidth to the Amazon Elastic Block Store, and 10Gbps of bandwidth in 2, 4, 8, and 16 vCPU instances. M6 instances are available today in US East, US West, Frankfurt, Ireland, and Singapore regions as on-demand purchases, or with savings plans, reserved instances, spot instances, dedicated instances or dedicated hosts. Last month, AWS warned users to get off EC2-Classic instances ahead of its shutdown. On October 30, AWS will disable EC2-Classic in Regions for AWS accounts that have no active EC2-Classic resources in the region, and the company will not sell one-year and three-year reserved instances. AWS expects migrations to be complete by August 2022. Related Coverage More

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    WP Engine review: Delivers exactly what it promises

    (image: WP Engine)
    If you’re looking for a web hosting provider, you have a tremendous number of choices. In my web hosting provider comparison guide — Best web hosting providers —  I looked at 15 providers that offer a wide range of plans.In this review, we’re going to dive into WP Engine’s offerings. Normally, to get a better feel for each individual provider, I set up the most basic account possible and performed a series of tests. But WP Engine is a more specialized host, primarily offering managed WordPress hosting.As such, WP Engine’s basic plan starts at $24 per month (when a year is prepaid), where most of the other hosting providers we’ve reviewed offer plans under $5 per month. Note that this isn’t because WP Engine is overpriced. Instead, it’s offering a more advanced level of service for sites that require more resources.As you transition from a site with a few pages to a site like mine with a lot of complexity but still relatively small, to huge sites like ZDNet, the cost of hosting goes up considerably. WP Engine targets small businesses up through enterprise needs, so its pricing reflects the resources those customers need to be able to use. For our review, I’ve chosen the Managed Hosting Plus Startup Plan. The Plus plan is $4 per month different from the basic plan, but it adds automatic plugin updates, tested plugins, auto-rollbacks, and a choice of which plugins are updated. To be clear, the automatic plugin updates feature is no longer much of a selling point, because WordPress now offers that as part of its basic install. But the auto-rollback feature (which when you need it, you really need it) is worth the extra few bucks a month. If you’re springing for managed hosting, you might as well have an “Ah, sh__!” button you can press when you need it. How pricing works

    This is normally the place in my hosting reviews where I begin my rant on the scammy bait-and-switch lock-in strategy hosting providers use to get and keep your business. Lower-end hosting services suck you in with offers of a couple of bucks a month. But to get the advertised price, you wind up paying for years of service up front, and then when that contract is up, the renewal fees are anywhere from double to ten times what you originally paid. There are business reasons for this, of course. First, it works. Most people don’t worry about what the renewal cost will be until they’re faced with a whopping bill to keep their site up or incur weeks or months of pain to port it somewhere else. But it’s also because running a hosting service is expensive, and the hosts have to make money somehow. But once you move up a tier, into small business managed hosting and above, most hosting providers make their money from the fees they charge. They don’t have to entice you with a low-ball offer. You know you need more memory, more CPU capacity, more storage, more bandwidth, and more support — and you’re willing to pay for it. So, they don’t need to bait-and-switch. After all, at $30 per month to $40 per month, you’re paying more in a month than many of the low-ball hosting providers make in a year from a given client. Types of plans offered WP Engine’s plans are like that. It has tiers that make sense. First, if you pay for a year up front, you save a bit over paying monthly. Usually, that’s the equivalent of about two months of free service. For every category of plan, it scales based on the number of sites you get with the plan, number of visits per month, amount of storage you use, and bandwidth. Then comes the four plan types the offer. The first is basic managed hosting. This gets you 24/7 support via chat, some themes, free automated migrations, daily backups, free SSL and SSH, and a staging site. All good, especially if you’re doing series work. I opted to test the Managed Hosting Plus plan, which is just a few bucks more. As I mentioned, it adds automatic updates (which is now provided by WordPress), and automatic rollbacks, which is very helpful. When I scoped out the plans, I realized I would never recommend the basic plan given the Plus plan is a few bucks more. So, I’m testing that. If you don’t get the WP Engine eCommerce plan, you’re not prevented from setting up an online store. It’s just that you have to do most of the heavy lifting, finding the software, etc. With the eCommerce plan, WP Engine installs WooCommerce (the top WordPress online store add-on, owned by the company that produces WordPress). It also provides an optimized store theme, some templates, and so on. In the next tier up, it adds store search functionality, which lets customers search for products. Basically, you’re paying a few bucks more for WP Engine to get it working for you. Finally, the company has a Secured Hosting plan. This doesn’t necessarily secure your site from malware. If you’re concerned about malware, you can reach out to WP Engine support, and they’ll help you determine if you’ve been attacked or not. No, what the Secured Hosting plan does is protect you from outside traffic attacks. It offers distributed denial of service attack protection and a security firewall for your traffic (which can help defend against malware flowing into your site). In 2009 (before I wrote for ZDNet), I was on the receiving end of a massive attack. My hosting provider did not have any defense and I wound up writing my own code. It would have been a huge relief to have the Secured Hosting plan when that happened. Installing WordPressWhen you first log into WP Engine’s dashboard, you’re greeted with a survey screen. Presumably, these questions are used for marketing purposes. Once you dig through those screens, you’re given the opportunity to set up other user accounts. These are dashboard users. Setting up your WordPress users will be done in WordPress. And, finally, you’re in the dashboard. Let’s add a new site: This step is actually very interesting and requires some unpacking. When you buy your plan, you’re given a certain number of sites you’re allowed. The plan I’m on allows one site. But…WP Engine has this concept of a “transferable site.” You can’t switch a site from non-transferable to transferable, so decide this upfront. A transferable site is one where you build the site, then you transfer it to a client who also has a WP Engine account. You’re allowed as many transferable sites as you want since the only way outside traffic can get in is via a password-protected portal. Next up comes a grid of four choices. You can start with a (mostly) blank site, get some handholding as you build your site, or transfer sites. I always like to go with as much control as I can, so I’m starting with a basic site. Then I clicked Next. I thought this was kind of interesting. First, you need to name your “environment.” Initially, you can use a subdomain, but you can later move it to a domain of your choosing. It’s this environment thing that’s interesting. In addition to the transferable sites, you can set up three “environment” sites: Development, staging, and testing. This means you can work on your site while your production site is live, and then switch environments. I like that… a lot. I’m going to go straight to production because I’m just running some basic tests. I’m also turning off automatic plugin updates because I like to be aware of when my plugins update. Then I clicked Add Site. At this point, the following Site list shows up. You can’t do much yet, other than delete the site. After about five minutes, I got an email telling me my site was ready. I clicked the URL, and there you go: Next, I configured an admin password. This takes you to the normal WordPress admin reset screen, where you enter your email address and a new password is mailed out. Nothing surprising here. The main WordPress dashboard page was surprisingly crap-free. That’s definitely a breath of fresh air after encountering all the upsells and crapware of previous reviews. There is a “WP Engine has your back” widget, but all it does is point you to some performance management features of the host dashboard. My next stop was Plugins and it was pretty much garbage-free (something of a rarity with WordPress hosting providers): There’s the Akismet Anti-Spam plugin that comes with most sites, and StudioPress (a WP Engine product) Genesis Blocks, a plugin that adds some editor features. The Themes area was equally un-hateful. Yes, WP Engine defaulted to its in-house theme, but Genesis is actually a fine base theme. Beyond that, it just had a few recent default WordPress themes installed. Overall, the WordPress install in WP Engine was clean and without either muss or fuss. It’s definitely workable. The rest of the WP Engine dashboard The first thing I like to do when looking at a new hosting provider is exploring their dashboard. Is it an old friend, like cPanel? Is it some sort of janky, barely configured open source, or homegrown mess? Or is it a carefully crafted custom dashboard? These are often the ones that worry me the most because they almost always hide restrictions that I’m going to have to work around somehow. You don’t really gain access to the WP Engine dashboard until after you install a site/environment: Once you do, a quick click on the site name gives you a more comprehensive tool: Yeah, that’s more like it. There’s a quick access button to PhpMyAdmin for database manipulation, another to launch the WordPress admin interface and quite a lot of setup options. I’m not going to go into them in-depth since this review still has quite a way to go, but I didn’t see (or not see) anything that would make me worry. All told, WP Engine seems to be quite comprehensive in terms of what it allows site operators to do. This might also be a good place to mention that WP Engine produces the Local WordPress hosting environment, for hosting WordPress on your development machine. This product used to be Local by Flywheel before WP Engine acquired it. I can personally attest to the quality of the Local implementation. As I mentioned in my development tools article, I use Local every day for coding and maintenance of the WordPress plugins I manage. It’s a very helpful tool. And, it’s free. Quick security checks Security is one of the biggest issues when it comes to operating a website. You want to make sure your site is safe from hackers, doesn’t flag Google, and can connect securely to payment engines if you’re running an e-commerce site of any kind. While the scope of this article doesn’t allow for exhaustive security testing, there are a few quick checks that can help indicate whether WP Engine is starting with a secure foundation. The first of these is multifactor authentication (MFA). It’s way too easy for hackers to just bang away at a website’s login screen and brute-force a password. One of my sites has been pounded on for weeks by some hacker or another, but because I have some relatively strong protections in place, the bad actor hasn’t been able to get in. WP Engine has a well-considered MFA implementation, allowing you to use SMS, Google Authenticator, or even Okta for enterprise SSO. This is for the main WP Engine dashboard. You, of course, can add a plugin to your WordPress site to put MFA on there as well. Also, the site created by WP Engine has SSL security by default. As you can see, the dashboard (and this also applies to the user-facing content) has a valid certificate and encryption. I didn’t have to set up anything I like to externally test SSL implementations using a test suite provided by SSL Labs. WP Engine passed easily:As my last quick security check, I like to look at the versions of some of the main system components that run web applications. To make things easy, I chose four components necessary to safe WordPress operation. While other apps may use other components, I’ve found that if components are up-to-date for one set of needs, they’re usually up to date across the board. Here are my findings (using the Health Check & Troubleshooting plugin), as of the day I tested, for WP Engine’s Managed Hosting Plus Startup plan: ComponentVersion ProvidedCurrent VersionHow OldPHP7.4.227.4.222CurrentMySQL/MariaDB5.7.34-37-log5.7.35/8.0.264 monthscURL7.58.07.78.042 monthsOpenSSLOpenSSL/1.1.1OpenSSL 1.1.1k34 monthsIn general, these results aren’t bad. You kind of need to know the component to know how to read these results. PHP is pretty much right on track. MySQL currently lives in two tracks, a maintained 5.7 track and an 8.0 track with newer technology. Both are supported by WordPress and as long as the 5.7 track is maintained and updated (particularly for security threats), it’s fine to be running 5.7.34. Oddly enough, Local (the local development environment owned by WP Engine I discussed earlier) defaults to MySQL 8.0.16. So much for consistency. Go figure. cURL is a little disturbingly out of date as is OpenSSL, but as the previous SSL test showed, the actual SSL encryption is solid, which is what we’re really concerned about. The bottom line is that WP Engine is on track for the core WordPress components and a little behind on supporting encryption and data transfer, but testing shows it’s not far enough behind to cause a security threat. Performance testing Next, I wanted to see how the site performed using some online performance testing tools. It’s important not to take these tests too seriously. These are just quick tests on a site with no traffic.That said, it’s nice to have an idea of what to expect. The way I tested was to use the fresh install of WordPress with the default installed theme. I then performance test the “Hello, world” page, which is mostly text, with just an image header. That way, we’re able to focus on the responsiveness of a basic page without being too concerned about media overhead. First, I ran two Pingdom Tools tests, one hitting the site from San Francisco and the second from Germany. Here’s the San Francisco test rating: Then I ran the test from Germany. The results were both quite good: Next, I ran a similar test using the Bitchatcha service: None of the tests showed bad performance, and I found the responsiveness of the WordPress dashboard to be snappy as well. Now, here’s the gotcha. Basic performance is fine, but we don’t have data for how the service will perform under load. Since you’re presumably buying a higher-end managed hosting service, you’re probably expecting some level of traffic. I say this a lot in my reviews, but take advantage of the money-back time period to fully test out results for yourself. You have 60 days with WP Engine. Make sure to use them. And if you run into performance issues, reach out to the company. Managed hosting services are supposed to provide better hands-on support, so use it. Support and money-back guaranteeThe company does have 24/7/365 live chat support. I tried it out at 1am on a Sunday morning (what? I’m a night person) and found the support representative to be both knowledgeable and friendly.WP Engine offers a 60-day money-back guarantee. Here’s a blog post that explains how to cancel the various types of service. Overall conclusion I got no complaints. No, seriously, I have no complaints. Other than a few component versions being out of date (but still within the system requirements for WordPress), I have nothing to ding them over. Setup was straightforward. The hosting dashboard, while not as comprehensive as cPanel, provided all the resources a well-equipped WordPress would require. The addition of development and staging versions, along with the transferable sites provides a lot of flexibility for a 1-site plan. SSL worked and passed my tests, and site responsiveness was good. Support was responsive, helpful, and intelligent in the middle of the night on a weekend. If you’re looking for a super-cheap hosting offering, this isn’t it. But if you’re serious about hosting your site, you could do a lot worse than WP Engine. I don’t do star reviews, but I’d give it a four (out of five). The only reason I wouldn’t give it a five is I’d never give a hosting provider a top rating on just a week or so of evaluation. You don’t really get to know your hosting provider until you’ve worked with them for a few years and resolved a few crisis events. That said, if I had to move my sites to another provider, I’d definitely consider WP Engine. You can follow my day-to-day project updates on social media. Be sure to follow me on Twitter at @DavidGewirtz, on Facebook at Facebook.com/DavidGewirtz, on Instagram at Instagram.com/DavidGewirtz, and on YouTube at YouTube.com/DavidGewirtzTV.

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    MacBook, iPad Pro, and Windows laptop users: This $35 accessory is a must-have

    I test a lot of USB-C accessories to test, but few end up as part of my equipment. But there’s one accessory that I’ve had for over a year now, and I use it pretty much daily on my MacBook, iPad Pro, and any USB-C equipped Windows 10 laptops I happen to be using.

    It’s a hub. A small hub that fits onto a pocket or bag easily. And best of all, it’s only $32.99.It’s the Anker 7-in-1 USB-C hub.On the connectivity front, the hub comes with a single 4K 30Hz HDMI, a 100W Power Delivery USB-C port, a USB-C data port, microSD/SD card reader slots, and two USB 3.0 ports.It also comes with a 20cm USB-C cable attached. Initially, I thought this to be a weak link because if this broke the hub is trash, but after over a year of hard use, it’s still like new.Anker quality shines through.

    Must read: Apple releases massive mystery bug fix update for Macs
    It also comes with a carry pouch for keeping it scratch-free and any chunks out of the ports.The only port that’s missing is an Ethernet port, but to be honest I can’t remember the last time I needed to use one. If you want a very similar portable hub that has an Ethernet port, then Anker makes an 8-in-1 hub with that feature for $59.99.
    I’ve used this hub on dozens of devices and taken it with me on long trips, and it has not let me down once. All Anker hubs come with an 18-month worry-free warranty in the event of something going wrong. There are also many much bigger docks out there. Anker has the amazing PowerExpand Elite 13-in-1 dock, and Plugable has a range of docks and adapters to suit all needs, size constraints, and budget! 

    The docks market really has risen to the challenge of professional wanting to make the most of a limited number of USB-C ports.I’m curious to know what must-haves you use. Let me know!

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    Everything you need to know about internet data caps

    What are internet data caps?

    A data cap is a limit that internet providers place on the amount of data that each client can use in a given month. A data cap accounts for the data you send and receive.Essentially, this means that your provider is monitoring your internet usage, determining how much data you are using each month. Different activities require varying amounts of data. For example, downloading a movie or watching a show on Netflix uses significantly more data than sending an email.In years past, your cell phone provider likely charged you based on the number of texts that you sent and received or the amount of time you spend talking on your phone each month. Nowadays, most phone plans have either unlimited data or allocated amounts large enough that you rarely consider whether or not you’ll surpass your monthly limit. Internet data works the same way, but many activities that are done online use more data than sending a text. As such, it’s important to understand how much data your internet plan allows you to use.The plan you choose determines your data cap. Varying amounts of streaming, downloading, and browsing is available to users depending on their pay each month. The amount of data you need depends on how much time you spend online and what you do. Simple tasks such as Google searches and sending emails take up a relatively small amount of data, while streaming movies and tv shows require much more data.See also: Best internet service provider 2021: Top expert picks

    What do you need to know about data caps?

    Data caps apply to mobile phone service plans in addition to home internet plans. Mobile internet use is likely where you will go over your allocated data limit more easily. Especially now with smartphones, scrolling through social media, checking your emails, using a navigation app for directions, and even checking the weather all drain your data.If you aren’t careful about how much data you consume, you can very easily surpass your given limit, resulting in a higher monthly bill. 

    What happens if you go over your data cap?

    Going over your data cap, intentionally or unintentionally, generally results in increased charges on your internet bill. Once you surpass your allocated amount for the month, your internet provider will charge you based on the amount that you go over. Most providers charge between $10 and $15 for each additional 50GB used. These rates are generally significantly higher than the rates built into monthly packages. As such, it’s important to understand your household’s data needs and internet habits before you choose an internet data package. See also: Best cheap internet provider 2021: Affordable ISPs

    How big are most internet data caps?

    All Internet providers structure their plans a little differently. Internet caps often range from 10GB to 150GB. Almost all providers offer unlimited plans, but for the most part, they aren’t necessary.Data caps put a limit on the amount of internet access users can have. For the most part, many normal activities such as shopping online and checking your email won’t cause you to exceed your limit, but it is important to understand your month-to-month data consumption. If you stream Netflix frequently, you may want to consider a larger cap. 

    What size data cap do you need?

    When determining how much data you need, it’s best to start by considering how much time you spend online on a given day. If you turn on your laptop to check your email once a day, you can get away with a small data cap, which will save you a lot of money. But if you live with your spouse and three children and you all have iPads, laptops, gaming systems, and other internet compatible devices, you’ll need a much bigger plan. If your family spends a lot of time on Netflix, checking social media, and playing video games, you may want an unlimited plan or a plan with a high data cap. If you have kids, your household is likely to use a lot more data during summer vacation. But in the winter, you may be able to get away with a much smaller plan. Be sure to research the options provided by your current internet service provider and its competitors to get an idea of your options and how much you can expect to spend.While the concept of data caps may seem complicated, in reality, you just need to be mindful of how much time you spend online and choose a plan that aligns with your usage.See also: How much internet speed do you really need?

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    DreamHost review: I'm a satisfied 15-year customer

    (Image: DreamHost)
    I’ve been running websites on DreamHost for over 15 years, using a variety of their plans. They haven’t stood still like the internet, now offering a competitive range of products and services for individuals, small businesses, and enterprises.But this isn’t just a review of DreamHost. It’s a meta-review of the spurious precision of host ranking. Because when you check out different eval sites, the numbers are all over the place. So I’ll review DreamHost, covering feeds and speeds, and at the end, I’ll give my take on who should give DreamHost serious consideration.Hosting companies don’t make it easy to compare plans. There are many variables in their offerings. How many websites? Storage? Email addresses? SSL certificates? One-click installs? Malware scanning and removal?Then there is how much the annual price jumps after the initial teaser rate ends, which can require some math. DreamHost’s Shared Unlimited teaser rate starts at $2.95 per month billed annually but then jumps to $10 per month — and malware removal is another $3 per month.On the other hand, the Shared Unlimited plan is exactly that. Unlimited websites, traffic, bandwidth, storage, and email accounts. Plus automated backups, free WHOIS masking, and a number of one-click software installers, including WordPress, and support for installing or mapping to other popular services such as WooCommerce, Shopify, or Zen Cart for e-commerce, phpBB forums, or the Moodle learning platform. And there are no startup fees.Other features of Shared Unlimited include:Unlimited MySQL DatabasesUnix ShellAccess to Raw Log FilesCrontab AccessReseller & Sub AccountsRails, Python, Perl SupportUnlimited SFTP UsersAnnually billed hosting plans compared. 
    (Image: DreamHost)
    Don’t gets

    But DreamHost doesn’t try to be all things to all people. They have strengths and what might be weaknesses for you. Here are a couple of things that might be deal killers. First, they’re a Linux shop and don’t offer Windows servers. If you require Windows for some specific software, look elsewhere. But a plus for Mac users is that the support staff is usually conversant with the Unix underpinnings of macOS as well as Linux. Also, they don’t offer telephone support. That’s not a negative for me because getting a problem solved takes just as long on the phone as it does in a chat. I prefer DreamHost’s 18.5 hours a day of free online chat support. But you may want that extra level of soothing handholding that a voice can offer and are willing to pay for it.Buying criteriaSome people like to pore over spec sheets and test results, looking for the optimal solution. That’s not me.I prefer “satisficing” — good enough is good enough — most parameters and focusing on the two or three that matter most to me. For example, in a mobile computer, weight is critical, but I don’t care much about thinness or sound quality. If it fits in a messenger bag and I can hear a video clip, I’m good.With my perspective in mind, here are the key buying criteria for a hosting service.First, don’t buy hosting on price. Companies mostly buy the same servers and storage, rent the same colocation space, and tap into the same networks. They don’t have big cost differentials. AWS, for instance, uses its massive scale to juice margins and fund R&D rather than passing big savings on to small customers. What you are actually buying from a hosting company is a utility service. Issues such as uptime, response times, ease of management, and support are the most important factors. But, as we’ll see, it’s not easy to get reliable numbers for any of those parameters. UptimeUptime is usually measured every month. A 30 day month has 43 200 minutes, so 99.9% uptime translates to a little more than 43 minutes of downtime a month. Each 0.1% of uptime is 43 minutes up or down. Most downtime will be scheduled for system maintenance and planned for off-hours, such as 0200 Sunday morning. Then there is episodic or semi-planned downtime, usually for critical security updates to system software. A botnet exploits a new bug, a patch to fix it is issued, and your hosting company needs to install it before everything is pooched. Then there are the accidental, unplanned outages that you read about that have affected every major service provider, including Apple, AWS, Google, Microsoft, and Facebook. A maintenance update goes awry, or a tech misconfigures a router, and things go south, usually for hours. The truth is that uptime has a pronounced stochastic element. Chance, or luck, if you will.Measuring uptime can vary wildly depending on the time period — hour, week, month, year. If you pick a host based on a monthly uptime ranking, be aware that another one is likely to be best next month. For example, hrank.com lists DreamHost’s uptime performance over the last several years.  They’ve found that DreamHost’s annual uptime ranged from 99.877% in 2020 to 99.948% in 2018.But over at WebsiteSetup, they say that DreamHost’s 2020 uptime was much worse, 99.62%. So which is it? Hrank’s 99.948% or WebsiteSetup’s 99.62% — which is almost 2.4 hours less? Who knows? Moreover, I’m inclined to say, who cares? There’s a larger question here. That difference is nothing. But if smart folks who are sincerely trying to measure uptime are so far apart, how much should we rely on published stats? Which takes me back to satisficing. I’m willing to bet that any hosting company that has been in business for 10 or more years — DreamHost is 25 this year — probably has decent uptime. Some hosts achieve 100% uptime for limited periods. But when even multi-billion dollar firms staffed with PhDs have outages lasting hours, well, what can you conclude other than downtime is variable. If a host is consistently poor, avoid them. But don’t compare the latest numbers thinking they’re carved in stone. As financial firms say, “past performance is no guarantee of future performance.”LatencyOften referred to as response time, this is another number that looms large in hosting reviews. I’m a big fan of low latency in storage and critical of cloud-based storage due to internet latency. But choosing a hosting company based on published latency? I don’t think so.Why? The same reasoning as in uptime numbers: they’re all over the map. Hrank sees their 2020 latency as averaging 436 milliseconds, which is good. WebsiteSetup sees, for the same year, 1,161 milliseconds, an almost 3x difference. So, again, which is it? Who knows? Ease of managementMany hosting companies use cPanel, a product from cPanel LLC that is something of a de facto industry standard. Its biggest advantage for hosting companies is that it is inexpensive: 17.5¢ per account in bulk.  But DreamHost uses its own panel. Looking at both of them, there’s not a lot of difference beyond the layout. This is not a surprise, given that they both perform similar tasks. Here’s a partial cPanel screenshot:cPanel screenshot.
    (Image: cPanel, LLC)
    Here’s a DreamHost panel screenshot:DreamHost control panel homepage.
    (Image: DreamHost)
    The big difference is that DreamHost aggregates all the functions in the upper left corner. Each topic is a drop-down menu. Choose Manage Websites under Websites, and you get a list of your websites with their main features and another Manage button. That takes you the details of that website with, where appropriate, more management options. The cPanel, offering more choices on the main screen, seems to be flatter, but the demo mode doesn’t let you see how far you might have to drill down. The DreamHost panel seems to require one or two more clicks to drill down into the specifics of a domain or an email account. Unless you are a cPanel wizard, the differences between the two user interfaces aren’t likely to sway you in either direction. SupportAccounts come with 18.5 hours a day — 3:00AM – 9:30PM PT — chat support, and 24/7 email support. I’ve found their support to be generally good. Sometimes they are a bit quick to shuffle you off to a knowledge base article that covers your problem — RTFM! In quieter periods, I’ve found the techs happy to go above and beyond by quickly fixing issues that a user could handle themselves. Wait times, in my experience, generally range from 3-10 minutes, depending on the time of day.  Being a Linux shop, they are knowledgeable in Linux/Unix and associated free and open-source software. And they are really good on WordPress and the usual plug-ins.Who is DreamHost for?How can you tell if DreamHost is for you? Here are some key factors to consider.You are a WordPress user. WordPress.org has recommended DreamHost for hosting since at least 2005. If WordPress is your jam, that’s about all you need to know. If you are a professional web developer designing and maintaining multiple sites, you will find a lot to like on DreamHost. If you resell hosting, DreamHost could be a good fit. If site traffic warrants it, upgrading to a VPS or dedicated server takes minutes. Adding DreamHost management services can lighten your load and give you professional site reports that remind clients just how valuable you are.Who isn’t DreamHost for?If the sight of HTML code gives you the creeps, you probably want a simpler web builder service such as Wix or Network Solutions to build your website. DreamHost offers a website builder based on WordPress, but it isn’t as simple. I find the website builders require a lot more pointing and clicking than I like, but if you need something quick and easy, they may work for you.If you are thoroughly immersed in the Windows world, DreamHost may not be a good fit. And if you don’t care about WordPress, then you’ll be ignoring one of DreamHost’s core competencies.SummaryThe hosting market is fairly mature, which means most vendors have similar cost structures due to running on commodity hardware. The statistics on uptime and latency aren’t particularly reliable, so I would use the online report cards to eliminate the worst companies rather than rely on them to choose “the best”. Choosing a hosting company is worth investing time in because moving to a busy site is non-trivial. Keep in mind that a lot of the effort in starting a site is something you only do once, which makes it worthwhile to consider hiring experienced help. But once the site is up, you should be able to handle most of the management and updates yourself, unless it’s a big site. With no HTML experience, I started a blogging site 15 years ago on DreamHost. It worked out well, and I’m a satisfied customer to this day.Comments welcome. 

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    Google's Apricot subsea cable will strengthen Asian connections

    Google has announced a subsea cable, called Apricot, that will connect Singapore, Japan, Guam, the Philippines, Taiwan and Indonesia. The Apricot cable is expected to be ready for service in 2024 and will complement the recently announced Echo cable that will connect the US, Singapore, Guam and Indonesia.  

    Combined, the two new cables give Google “unique routes through southern Asia, ensuring a significantly higher degree of resilience for Google Cloud and digital services,” says Bikash Koley, VP and head of Google Global Networking, and head of technology and strategy for Google Cloud for Telecommunications. SEE: Google’s new cloud computing tool helps you pick the greenest data centersThe cables will provide businesses in Asia with lower latency, more bandwidth, and increased resilience in their connectivity between Southeast Asia, North Asia and the United States, Koley notes.Echo is expected to be ready for service 2023.Google has also been building out its subsea infrastructure between the US and Europe, earlier this year launching the Dunant subsea cable that connects Virginia Beach in the US with Saint-Hilaire-de-Riez on the French Atlantic coast. The cable took two years to build and has the capacity to deliver 250 terabits per second across the Atlantic.

    Google’s other subsea cables include Curie, between Chile and Los Angeles; Equiano, between Portugal and South Africa; and Grace Hopper, a cable connecting New York to London, UK and Bilbao, Spain. The company has investments in 18 subsea cables, alongside 27 cloud regions and 82 zones around the world.SEE: The best Samsung phones: Which model should you buy?Koley points to a recent study of Google’s APAC network by Analysys Mason, which looked at the $2 billion Google has spent on network infrastructure in the region since 2010. The study found that Google’s investments led to 1.1 million additional jobs as of 2019 and an extra $430 billion in aggregate GDP for the region between 2010 to 2019. In July, Google also announced the new Firmina cable, an open subsea cable that will run from the East Coast of the United States to Las Toninas, Argentina and other markets in South America.

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    The cloud calculation: Factor these lock-in and switching costs into your cloud plans

    By NeoLeo shutterstock
    My first corporate web server, set up before the days of “the cloud” and AWS, cost my company nearly $10,000 and months of time. Not only did we have to order and pay for the entire machine, we had to wait for its delivery, configure it, run wires, and find a place on our rack for it. Then we had to pipe a dedicated T-1 link into our offices, a process that was unbearably frustrating and time consuming, not to mention costly.  And the beast in the closet spewed heat like a dragon, and it ate parts for snacks. 

    Yesterday, I spun up a mid-level web server in the cloud. It cost me $34, and was charged to my credit card. In return, I got a Linux login, virtual RAM, virtual storage, and all the bandwidth I can eat. The entire process, from sign-up to operational “hello, world” site took less than five minutes. The contrast is astounding. Earlier me, who had to come up with the cash for full machine purchases and dedicated broadband installation, would have loved to have had access to the cloud-based services we have today. In many ways, the cloud is incredibly empowering. Breathless stories (and even HBO TV shows) highlight the nimbleness of modern-day tech entrepreneurs, who simply need a Kanban board, a credit card, coding skills, and a barrel of snark to create the next Pied Piper or Hooli. But what very few “gee wow” cloud stories discuss is the lock-in that comes from adopting cloud solutions. It might take five minutes and $34 to spin up a new server for a website, but it could take months and thousands of dollars to move that site to a new service, if that becomes necessary. A lock-in example Building a website is a complex process, involving many technologies and configurations, running on top of a server environment provided by a hosting provider. The switching cost is the time, effort, and dollar cost of switching to a new provider. The inability to easily switch is called lock-in.

    Also: How to create a website: The 2021 step-by-step guide As I originally discussed in my article on how to create a website, if you run an active website for any number of years, it is almost guaranteed that you’ll need to switch hosting providers. These are just a few of the reasons you might need to switch: Your provider may become unreliable, may increase prices, or may start to offer reduced quality support. Your site might simply outgrow the provider’s capacity.The hosting provider’s server software might not keep up with the security requirements of a payment processor.You may work with one provider for three, four, five years, or more. But if you’re running a site for the long haul, it’s rare to stick with one hosting provider unless you simply have no way out. So, planning to be able to switch is useful.

    Many web builders are proprietary, so if you want to switch to another service, you’ll have to rebuild your site either mostly or entirely from scratch. At the very least, there will be a ton of cutting and pasting between services. For smaller sites, that’s not much of an issue. Rebuilding five or 10 webpages is no big deal. But if your site is 50, 100, or even thousands of pages, that’s a lot of copying and pasting (or, if you’re very lucky, exporting and importing). Think about this: If you do one blog post every weekday, you’ll have at least 261 pages by the end of a year. Content expands very quickly. The above example sums up the concept of switching cost. Moving that 261 pages, especially if you have to either cut and paste everything or pay a service to automate it, costs both money and time. The fact is, you’re likely to decide to say, “F-it” and stick with the existing host. That’s how switching costs become lock-in.  More lock-in examples Use of cloud-based storage services often leads to lock-in, especially if you have a lot of data in the cloud. Moving a few gigabytes from one server to another is no big thing, but if you have tens of terabytes of backed up video files, moving that is going to take months of effort. Also: What happens to your G Suite unlimited storage when Google moves you to Workspace? Some services, like Amazon’s AWS long-term Glacier service, even monetize their lock-in. While the company does charge a monthly storage fee based on how much you’re storing, they don’t charge anything for uploading data to the service. You can upload a gigabyte or 100 terabytes and still pay the same $0.00 transfer fee.

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    But data transfer above 1GB/mo out of Glacier to the rest of the internet is charged, ranging from $90 per terabyte transferred down to $50 per terabyte, depending on how much you’re moving. Granted, it’s not a tremendous fee for the amount of data, but it’s still shows how Amazon wants to reduce the friction of uploading data, and increase the friction of moving it back out. Also: Dropbox’s business plans now cost more and offer less than they did last year Another example is cloud accounting service QuickBooks Online. QuickBooks seems to regularly increase its pricing, but moving ten years of data out of QBO to some other service can be prohibitive or impossible. For example, if you want to move a decade of QBO to FreshBooks, it’s pretty much a non-starter. On the other hand, Xero offers a QBO migration service that can help you move to their competing service (with some limits), but what kind of lock-in situation are you going to wind up in there? Overcoming lock-in This brings up a corollary to the cloud lock-in theory: where there is lock-in, there is likely to be a fee-based service that will help you to overcome it. I migrated my company’s surprisingly large email store twice, first when I moved from a third-party Exchange hosting provider to Office 365, and again when I moved from Office 365 to Gmail. In both cases, I used a service called YippieMove. I sent them a few bucks and they made it all happen. Unfortunately, they shut down in 2019. I also moved my help desk library from one provider to another using a migration service. This, too, involved paying a fee, waiting a week, and letting them do their job.

    Another way of overcoming lock-in is to use open source products. I talk about this at length in my article about how to create a website guide. Many web hosts (like SquareSpace and Wix) lock you in because all your pages are constructed using their proprietary CMS. But if you use an open source CMS like WordPress, you can move the files and database to any other WordPress-compatible host. The migration will still be time-consuming and painful, but possible. Words of advice When signing up for a cloud service, you’re usually just trying to get a problem solved. But keep in mind that solving one problem opens up the potential for future problems — particularly if your cloud vendor goes under, changes policies, changes prices, or just pisses you off. Also: A terabyte too tight? Small businesses, beware the cloud storage ceiling It’s always good to evaluate how risky the choice of vendor is, and whether the risk you’re taking is an acceptable risk. Are you okay with losing the data entrusted to the cloud vendor? Are you okay with the cost and effort in migrating off? Do you have a backup plan in place? Finally, develop strategies that will allow you to implement a migration plan relatively quickly. At least yearly, evaluate the validity of those strategies (for example, my email migration service of choice is no longer operating, so I need to find a new option). The bottom line is this: be aware and be prepared. Cloud solutions have very little barrier to entry, but their barrier to exit can be considerable. What cloud services do you use? Have you ever experienced lock-in or switching costs? Share with us in the comments below. You can follow my day-to-day project updates on social media. Be sure to follow me on Twitter at @DavidGewirtz, on Facebook at Facebook.com/DavidGewirtz, on Instagram at Instagram.com/DavidGewirtz, and on YouTube at YouTube.com/DavidGewirtzTV. More

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    Vocus to link up subsea cables to create Darwin-Jakarta-Singapore Cable

    Image: Vocus
    Vocus announced on Monday it has signed construction contracts worth AU$100 million that will see a 1,000-kilometre link span the North-West Cable System and Australia Singapore Cable to create the Darwin-Jakarta-Singapore Cable (DJSC). Once completed by mid-2023, DJSC will be a AU$500 million network linking Perth, Darwin, Port Hedland, Christmas Island, Jakarta, and Singapore. At Port Hedland, the cable will connect to the Project Horizon cable, running from Perth via Newman, Meekatharra, and Geraldton. Vocus also announced on Monday it has completed its project to put 200Gbps per wavelength technology into its Adelaide-Darwin-Brisbane fibre network. The company said its routes now have 20Tbps of capacity, for 480Tbps in total, and it was planning to deploy 400Gbps when it became commercially available. “We’ve delivered Terabit Territory — a 25-times increase in capacity into Darwin. We’ve delivered a submarine cable from Darwin to the Tiwi Islands. We’re progressing Project Horizon — a new 2,000km fibre connection from Perth to Port Hedland and onto Darwin. And today we’ve announced the Darwin-Jakarta-Singapore Cable, the first international submarine connection into Darwin,” Vocus Group managing director and CEO Kevin Russell said. “No other telecoms operator comes close to this level of investment in high-capacity fibre infrastructure.” In June, the purchase of Vocus for AU$3.5 billion was completed by the consortium of Macquarie Infrastructure and Real Assets and superannuation fund Aware Super. Related Coverage More