Eliana Willis

SonicWall is warning customers to apply firmware updates to its SMA 100 Series appliances for remote access from mobile devices, in order to patch vulnerabilities of critical and medium severity. SonicWall says in an advisory that it “strongly urges” customers to apply new fixes to address eight flaws that the US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Agency (CISA) warns would allow a remote attacker to take control of an affected system. CISA recommends customers apply the necessary firmware updates “as soon as possible”, in part because they’ve historically been popular targets for attackers.    

ZDNet Recommends

The eight bugs range from critical to medium severity and affect a sensitive piece of the network since they provide employees with remote access to internal resources. SEE: A winning strategy for cybersecurity (ZDNet special report)The eight bugs were discovered by researchers at Rapid7 and NCC Group. The most dangerous of them has a severity rate of 9.8 out of a possible 10.SonicWall’s Secure Mobile Access (SMA) SMA 100 Series appliances for small and medium businesses enable secure remote access from mobile devices anywhere via its NetExtender and Mobile Connect VPNs. Affected SMA 100 series appliances include SMA 200, 210, 400, 410 and 500v products. SonicWall notes its SMA 100 series appliances with WAF enabled are also impacted by the majority of the vulnerabilities.

“There are no temporary mitigations. SonicWall urges impacted customers to implement applicable patches as soon as possible,” SonicWall notes. It adds that there was no evidence of these vulnerabilities being exploited in the wild. However, now that the bugs have been publicly disclosed, attackers may soon develop exploits for them, especially since bugs in SMA 100 appliances have been exploited quickly in the past. Rapid7 says it “will release the technical details and proof-of-concept code in January 2022 as part of our coordinated vulnerability disclosure process.”CISA emphasizes that it warned in July that attackers were actively targeting a previously patched vulnerability in SonicWall SMA 100 series appliances. FireEye’s incident response group Mandiant in May reported that threat actors linked to the notorious Darkside ransomware-as-a-service were exploiting the flaw (CVE-2021-20016) in SMA 100 seres appliances. Highlighting the speed with which attackers exploit new flaws in key equipment, SonicWall had released firmware to address the issues in late April. DarkSide was network responsible for the Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack that downed its US east cost fuel distribution network for nearly a week in May.   More

A Google Pixel user last week found a bug that prevented them from being able to call 911 on their device. Initially reported on the GooglePixel subreddit forum by /u/KitchenPictures5849, the user said in a thread that the bug arose whenever a call was made to 911, which would lead to their Pixel device freezing. According to Google, it appears the glitch is due to the Microsoft Teams app being installed on Pixel devices after it conducted an investigation into the matter. The spokesperson said the bug only occurred for Pixel devices running Android 10 or above, whenever Microsoft Teams was installed but an account was not logged into the app. “We believe the issue is only present on a small number of devices with the Microsoft Teams app installed when the user is not logged in, and we are currently only aware of one user report related to the occurrence of this bug. We determined that the issue was being caused by unintended interaction between the Microsoft Teams app and the underlying Android operating system,” a Google spokesperson wrote in the thread. The Google spokesperson said both Google and Microsoft have prioritised resolving the issue and that a Microsoft Teams app update would be rolled out soon. In the meantime, Google has advised users with Microsoft Teams installed on any Pixel device running Android 10 or above, and where an account is not logged into the app, to uninstall and reinstall the app. This fix will only address the bug in the interim, however, and a Microsoft Teams app update will still be required to fully resolve the issue. “We advise users to keep an eye out for an update to the Microsoft Teams app, and ensure it is applied as soon as available,” the Google spokesperson said.  Related Coverage More

An artist’s impression of a ransomware incident
Image: iStock
Queensland government-owned energy generator CS Energy provided an update on Wednesday that those behind its November ransomware incident was unlikely to be a state-based actor. On the same morning, Sydney’s Daily Telegraph landed with a front page claiming China was behind the incident. Thanks to the appearance of CS Energy on a leak site listing victims of Conti ransomware run by the Wizard Spider group for the purposes of double extortion, the claims made by News Limited would appear to be unfounded. In September, the US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency said the group uses a ransomware-as-a-service model, but instead of paying affiliates a cut of the earnings that come from ransoms, the group pays the deployers of the ransomware a wage. Rob Joyce, director of cybersecurity at NSA, said at the time that the group has historically targeted critical infrastructure. For its part, CS Energy said it has continued to generate electricity and feed it into the grid since the incident and has “systems and safeguards [with] layers of separation and protection, which enabled it to contain and protect its critical infrastructure”. “Upon becoming aware of the incident, we quickly took further assertive action to physically separate the two environments,” CEO Andrew Bills said.

“We continue to progressively restore our systems and are working closely with cyber security experts and relevant state and federal agencies.”A few days after the incident, the generator, which is one of three generator companies in Queensland, reassured retail customers it would be able to bill them per the usual cycle. Earlier this year, the generator company experienced a fire in its turbine hall at Callide power station that led to outages across the state. Related Coverage More

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) released a graph showing the number of vulnerabilities reported in 2021, finding 18,378 this year. The figure set a record for the fifth straight year in a row, but 2021 was different in some ways. The number of high severity vulnerabilities fell slightly compared to 2020, with 3,646 high risk vulnerabilities this year compared to last year’s 4,381. For 2021, the number of medium and low risk vulnerabilities reported — 11,767 and 2,965 respectively — exceeded those seen in 2020. 
NIST
Opinions on the graph were mixed, with some confused about why there were fewer high-severity vulnerabilities and others saying the report jived with what they saw throughout the year.Bugcrowd CTO Casey Ellis said at the most basic level, technology itself is accelerating and vulnerabilities are inherent to software development. The more software that is produced, the more vulnerabilities will exist, Ellis explained. When it comes to the breakdown of high, medium and low-severity vulnerabilities, Ellis said lower impact issues are easier to find and are generally reported more often, with the opposite being true of high impact issues. “High impact issues tend to be more complicated, remediated more quickly once found, and — in the case of systemic high-impact vulnerability classes — are often prioritized for root-cause analysis and anti-pattern avoidance in the future, and thus can often be fewer in number,” Ellis said.

Pravin Madhani, CEO of K2 Cyber Security, said the lower numbers of high severity vulnerabilities may be due to better coding practices by developers, explaining that many organizations have adopted a “shift left” in recent years and seek to put more of an emphasis on ensuring security is a higher priority earlier on in the development process. The overall increase in reported vulnerabilities was due in no small part to the COVID-19 pandemic, which forced almost every organization globally to adopt technology in one way or another, Madhani added. “The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has continued to push many organizations to rush getting their applications to production, as part of their digital transformation and cloud journeys, meaning the code may have been through less QA cycles, and there may have been more use of 3rd party, legacy, and open source code, another risk factor for more vulnerabilities,” Madhani said. “So while companies may be coding better, they’re not testing as much, or as thoroughly, hence more vulnerabilities made it to production.”Other cybersecurity experts like Viakoo CEO Bud Broomhead said the report was alarming because of how many exploitable vulnerabilities remain “in the wild” for threat actors to take advantage of.  The record number of new vulnerabilities, combined with the slow pace of patching and updating devices to remediate vulnerabilities, means that the risk is higher than ever for organizations to be breached, especially through unpatched IoT devices, Broomhead added. Vulcan Cyber CEO Yaniv Bar-Dayan said that what concerned him most was the mounting pile of security debt that cybersecurity professionals can’t seem to get ahead of. If IT security teams are leaving 2020’s vulnerabilities unaddressed, the real 2021 number is cumulative and becoming harder and harder to defend against, Bar-Dayan explained.”We are seeing more advanced persistent threats like the SolarWinds hack that daisy chain vulnerabilities and exploits to inflict maximum damage to digital organizations. As an industry we are still learning from and cleaning up after that one. And it is unfair to put all the blame on SolarWinds considering how the bad actors used known, old, unaddressed vulnerabilities that should have been mitigated by IT security teams well before the SolarWinds software supply chain hack was ever hatched,” Bar-Dayan said.”Cybersecurity teams need to do more than just scan for vulnerabilities. We need to work together as an industry to better measure, manage and mitigate cyber risk, or we will be crushed by this growing mountain of vulnerability debt.” More

General Paul M. Nakasone, head of US Cyber Command confirmed during a recent national security event that his agency has begun taking direct action against international ransomware gangs as part of a larger effort to curtail attacks on American companies and infrastructure. 

The General explained that his agency is working hand-in-hand with the NSA, FBI,  and other federal entities while during a talk at the Reagan National Defense Forum, a meeting of national security officials held on Saturday. After the talk, he noted to The New York Times that he sees Cyber Command’s mission right now as focusing on trying to “understand the adversary and their insights better than we’ve ever understood them before.”   The country’s cybersecurity defense authority began targeting ransomware threats from organized crime rings around nine months ago, well before high-profile incidents like the Colonial Pipeline shutdown began to show just how severely ransomware attacks could disrupt national and global infrastructure. While the General was cagey about the details of ongoing and previous counter operations, earlier reports have shown Cyber Command taking a hand in both punitive actions like those targeting Russian ransomware group REevil, as well as restoration efforts like the ones undertaken by the federal agencies following the Colonial Pipeline incident. The latter resulted in the “majority” of the ransom paid to the DarkSide ransomware ring being seized and recovered by the DOJ. These actions are part of a larger effort called for by an executive order signed by the President in May of this year. The 2021 legislation instituted a nationwide governmental shift to security practices like mandatory 2FA use, zero-trust policies, and the creation of a new Cybersecurity Safety Review Board. General Nakasone’s team has been combating similar threats since at least 2018 when he took command of the agency. The head of Cyber Command expounded on the importance of “speed, agility, and unity of effort” at the recent event. He noted that these three factors were key in combating threats, regardless of whether they came from nation-states, proxies, or independent criminal organizations. Going forward, Nakasone hopes to see a federal drive towards a “whole-of-government effort.” The General sees diplomatic outreach programs and an expanded and borderless focus on protecting critical infrastructure assets as a vital step toward protecting the country against ransomware attacks and other cyber incursions.  More

Cybersecurity firm Salt Labs discovered a GraphQL API authorization vulnerability in a large B2B financial technology platform. It would give attackers the ability to submit unauthorized transactions against customer accounts and harvest sensitive data, all by manipulating API calls to steal sensitive data and initiate unauthorized transactions.

ZDNet Recommends

Best security key 2021

While robust passwords go a long way to securing your valuable online accounts, hardware-based two-factor authentication takes that security to the next level.

Read More

Salt Labs would not say which company was affected as a way to protect users, but it explained that the vulnerabilities have been fixed since they were discovered. The platform offers financial services in the form of API-based mobile applications and SaaS to small- and medium-sized businesses and commercial brands, according to Salt Labs. Michael Isbitski, technical evangelist at Salt Security, told ZDNet that GraphQL API adoption is slower than REST but growing rapidly because of the potential benefits to front-end design and performance. A recent survey from Postman found that while most companies use REST, GraphQL and others like webhooks, WebSockets, GraphQL, and SOAP are gaining traction. “Authorization flaws in APIs are very common, hence why they land on the OWASP API Security Top 10 list,” Isbitski explained. “This type of authorization flaw is also more likely to occur with GraphQL APIs as opposed to REST APIs just because of the nature of how GraphQL can be used to combine API calls and mutate queries.”Salt Labs identified this vulnerability in the company’s SaaS platform and mobile applications it interfaces, resulting from the failure to implement authorization checks correctly. Researchers found that some API calls were able to access an API endpoint that required no authentication, further enabling attackers to enter any transaction identifier and pull back data records of previous financial transactions. The company said GraphQL APIs are “inherently difficult to secure” due to their unique flexibility and structure.

Salt Security CEO Roey Eliyahu said GraphQL provides some advantages in query options compared to REST APIs, but this flexibility comes with risk. A single API call can include multiple separate queries. “A prevalent vulnerability related to GraphQL is that developers must implement authorization on every layer of a multi-layer GraphQL query to prevent attacks. This side effect increases the burden on development and operations teams, and it can extend delivery timelines for applications with many API endpoints,” the researchers wrote in a report about the issue. “It also can create a situation that is more vulnerable to human error. Some endpoints may be forgotten or not properly dealt with, causing its own set of issues down the road.”The researchers explained that the authentication and authorization in mobile app designs are often broken or absent because developers focus on usability. Cyber criminals often know that codebases are managed by different teams and search for vulnerabilities in both front-end clients and back-end services. SSL or TLS typically encrypt web API communications, giving enterprises the sense that they are protected when, in many cases, they may not be. “The prevailing assumption in the industry around GraphQL is that these APIs are uncommon, obscure targets of attack and therefore safer,” Isbitski said. “This assumption is wrong. Security through obscurity has always been a poor strategy, and the complexity of GraphQL APIs makes securing them more challenging.”Netenrich threat hunter John Bambenek told ZDNet that when mobile app developers make applications and API services, they wrongly believe an attacker could not misuse this information, since the phone itself doesn’t provide visibility.”It is tempting to believe that mobile apps create an obscurity layer that is hard for attackers to crack, but decades of experience show that security through obscurity just doesn’t get the job done,” Bambenek said. “Organizations need to make sure every transaction requires authorization and every step of a transaction is checked to make sure the permissions are appropriate for what is being attempted.” More