ZDNETAmong Windows experts, a clean install is a time-honored ritual, a way to wipe out accumulated cruft and restore an old PC to new life.You can find plenty of perfectly good reasons to do a clean install. You might be repurposing an old but still serviceable PC for use by someone else in your family or your organization. Perhaps you’ve decided to replace a conventional hard disk drive with a fast solid-state drive to extend the life of an older PC. Or maybe you just want a fresh start.Also: How to upgrade your ‘incompatible’ Windows 10 PC to Windows 11 in 2025A clean install is the ultimate troubleshooting technique, virtually guaranteed to eliminate performance or compatibility problems caused by third-party software, temporary files, configuration errors, and garden-variety malware. Done right, the result is a PC that starts from a known good state, with either the default Windows 10 configuration or a previously tested configuration that includes specific third-party software and drivers.By my count, there are four ways to do a clean install (short of buying a new PC). Here are the pros and cons of each method, along with some advice on when to employ each one.(A quick note up front: This article covers the full range of installations on hardware that was originally designed for Windows 10 or Windows 11. Unless otherwise specified, all instructions assume that you’re installing or reinstalling Windows 11 version 24H2.)1. Use a recovery image from the OEMIf you purchased a PC with Windows preinstalled, you might have the option to revert to the original image that the manufacturer supplied.The good news is that the saved image includes all the drivers, utilities, and hardware support so that (in theory, at least) all your devices work as designed as soon as you sign in for the first time.The bad news is that the saved image also includes whatever crapware the manufacturer was paid to preinstall alongside your otherwise pristine Windows installation. That might not be a dealbreaker if you have a business-class PC with minimal unwanted software, but it can be a royal pain for a consumer device overstuffed with games and trial versions of software.Besides the aforementioned crapware, the biggest disadvantage of this option is that you’re likely to end up with a Windows installation that’s out of date, leading to the need for a tedious full feature update, followed by the latest cumulative update, after your recovery is complete. That’s especially true if the PC you’re working with came with Windows 10 and you upgraded it to Windows 11.Also: How to clear the cache on your Windows 11 PC (and why it makes such a big difference)This option is preferred if you’re getting a machine ready to sell or give away, or if you’re experiencing hardware issues that require repair or return of a device as part of a warranty claim.The option to restore an OEM image might be available from a dedicated partition when you start your PC in recovery mode, or your OEM might include a utility that downloads the latest image from its servers. As an alternative, your OEM might be able to supply you with a bootable recovery image that you can install on a USB flash drive. (See “How to get a free Windows (or Linux) recovery image for your OEM PC” for details on where you can get recovery images for Dell, HP, Lenovo, and Microsoft Surface devices.)2. Restore from a backup imageBy definition, this option is only available if you’re a well-prepared person who used the legacy Windows Backup program (Sdclt.exe) or an alternative third-party backup program immediately after setting up your PC when it was brand new.If you count yourself among that small group, you are probably reading this article from your lavishly appointed fallout shelter, with a 12-month supply of canned food, medications, and bottled water neatly stacked on the shelves. As a well-prepared person, what you did immediately after setting up your PC was create a backup image of your completed Windows installation, in anticipation of the day when something would head south and you would want to start over.Also: How to set up God Mode in Windows 11 – and the wonders you can do with itThis option is especially appealing if you rely on a large collection of third-party software, including custom device drivers that are not available through Windows Update. Capture that image after completing installation of all those third-party programs but before restoring any personal data files.The disadvantages of this technique include the extra time and effort required to create the backup, as well as the organizational chops required to keep that backup safe and easily accessible when it’s needed. As with an OEM recovery image, the backup doesn’t necessarily include the most recent feature update. However, if the image reflects a previous Windows version that you want to use while you defer installation of later feature updates, you might see this as a plus. More